SS-31
Also known as: Elamipretide, Bendavia, MTP-131, FORZINITY
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Key Facts: SS-31
- Category
- Anti-Aging
- FDA Status
- FDA Approved
- Clinical Status
- FDA Accelerated Approval (Sept 2025) - Barth syndrome (FORZINITY, first FDA-approved mitochondria-targeted therapeutic). Confirmatory trials required. Phase 3 for other indications.
- Administration
- Subcutaneous injection or IV infusion
- Typical Dose
- 40 mg subcutaneous daily
- Frequency
- Once daily
- Duration
- Variable by condition
Mechanism of Action
SS-31 concentrates 1000-fold in mitochondria, binding to cardiolipin on the inner membrane. It optimizes electron transport chain function, reduces reactive oxygen species, and prevents cardiolipin peroxidation during cellular stress.
Research Summary
FDA approved for Barth syndrome in September 2025 under accelerated approval. Ongoing trials for dry age-related macular degeneration and primary mitochondrial myopathy. Studies show improved cardiac function, exercise capacity, and mitochondrial efficiency.
Dosing Information
Typical Dosingⓘ
Community experience
40 mg subcutaneous daily
40 mg daily
Once daily
FDA approved as FORZINITY for Barth syndrome. Subcutaneous injection for patients weighing at least 30 kg.
Research Dosingⓘ
Scientific studies
Doses from clinical trials
Doses from Studies
40 mg IV or subcutaneous
Clinical trial doses vary by indication
Duration
Variable by condition
Administration
Subcutaneous injection or IV infusion
Timing & Administration
Best Time to Take
Morning
Once daily
Food Recommendation
With or without food
Why This Timing?
SS-31 (Elamipretide) targets mitochondria. Morning use supports daytime energy production.
Possible Side Effects
Not everyone experiences these effects. Individual responses vary based on dosage, duration, and personal factors.
- ●Injection site reactions (very common - 80%)
- ●Headache
- ●Dizziness
- ●Nausea
- ●May trigger histamine release - use caution with MCAS or histamine sensitivity
- ●No serious adverse events in trials
- ●FDA approved September 2025
References
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32554501/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34480713/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37462785/
Research This Peptide Further
Buy in shop
SS-31 from $92/kit
3 verified vendors, ≥99% purity, COAs included.
Frequently Asked Questions
What does SS-31 do?
A mitochondria-targeted peptide that improves cellular energy production. FDA approved for Barth syndrome (September 2025) as FORZINITY, the first approved mitochondria-targeted therapeutic.
How does SS-31 work?
SS-31 concentrates 1000-fold in mitochondria, binding to cardiolipin on the inner membrane. It optimizes electron transport chain function, reduces reactive oxygen species, and prevents cardiolipin peroxidation during cellular stress.
Is SS-31 FDA approved?
Yes, SS-31 is FDA approved. FDA Accelerated Approval (Sept 2025) - Barth syndrome (FORZINITY, first FDA-approved mitochondria-targeted therapeutic). Confirmatory trials required. Phase 3 for other indications.
What are the side effects of SS-31?
Reported side effects include: Injection site reactions (very common - 80%), Headache, Dizziness, Nausea, May trigger histamine release - use caution with MCAS or histamine sensitivity. Individual responses vary based on dosage, duration, and personal health factors.
What is the typical dose of SS-31?
Community-reported common dose: 40 mg subcutaneous daily (Once daily). Range: 40 mg daily. Administration: Subcutaneous injection or IV infusion. Prescription required. Consult healthcare provider.
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