SS-31
Also known as: Elamipretide, Bendavia, MTP-131
Key Facts: SS-31
- Category
- Anti-Aging
- FDA Status
- Not FDA Approved
- Clinical Status
- Phase 3 Clinical Trials
- Administration
- Subcutaneous injection or IV infusion
- Typical Dose
- 10-40 mg daily
- Frequency
- Once or twice daily
- Evidence Level
- Human Trials
- Duration
- Variable by condition
What to Expect
A mitochondria-targeted peptide that improves cellular energy production. Being developed for heart failure and mitochondrial diseases.
Mechanism of Action
SS-31 concentrates 1000-fold in mitochondria, binding to cardiolipin on the inner membrane. It optimizes electron transport chain function, reduces reactive oxygen species, and prevents cardiolipin peroxidation during cellular stress.
Research Summary
Phase 2/3 trials for Barth syndrome and heart failure. Studies show improved cardiac function, exercise capacity, and mitochondrial efficiency. Demonstrates benefits in ischemia-reperfusion injury models.
Dosing Information
Typical Dosingⓘ
Community experience
10-40 mg daily
10-80 mg daily
Once or twice daily
Mitochondrial peptide (Elamipretide). In clinical trials for mitochondrial diseases. Limited availability.
Research Dosingⓘ
Scientific studies
Doses from clinical trials
Doses from Studies
40 mg IV or subcutaneous
Clinical trial doses vary by indication
Duration
Variable by condition
Administration
Subcutaneous injection or IV infusion
Timing & Administration
Best Time to Take
Morning
Once daily
Food Recommendation
With or without food
Why This Timing?
SS-31 (Elamipretide) targets mitochondria. Morning use supports daytime energy production.
Possible Side Effects
Not everyone experiences these effects. Individual responses vary based on dosage, duration, and personal factors.
- ●Injection site reactions (very common - 80%)
- ●Headache
- ●Dizziness
- ●Nausea
- ●May trigger histamine release - use caution with MCAS or histamine sensitivity
- ●No serious adverse events in trials
- ●FDA approved September 2025
References
Related Peptides
Peptides commonly compared with SS-31 or used in similar applications.
NAD+ Precursors
Clinical TrialsWhile not peptides, NAD+ precursors are frequently discussed alongside peptides in longevity circles. They boost cellular NAD+ levels, supporting energy metabolism and sirtuin activity.
Anti-AgingGlutathione
Clinical TrialsThe body's master antioxidant - a tripeptide composed of glutamate, cysteine, and glycine. Found in every cell at concentrations similar to glucose (5mM). Essential for detoxification, immune function, and cellular protection against oxidative stress.
Anti-AgingDSIP
Clinical TrialsA neuropeptide that promotes deep delta wave sleep. First isolated from rabbit brains in 1977. Used for sleep optimization and stress reduction.
Anti-AgingHumanin
PreclinicalA mitochondria-derived peptide discovered for its neuroprotective effects against Alzheimer's-related toxicity. Being studied for aging and metabolic benefits.
Anti-AgingEpithalon
Clinical TrialsA tetrapeptide studied for its effects on telomerase activation and potential anti-aging properties. Based on research by Professor Vladimir Khavinson.
BioregulatorsMOTS-c
PreclinicalA mitochondria-derived peptide that regulates metabolic homeostasis. Discovered in 2015, it's being studied for its effects on insulin sensitivity, exercise capacity, and aging.
HormonalWant updates on SS-31 research?
Subscribe to get notified when we add new research findings, protocol updates, and related peptide information.
Educational Information Only
This information is provided for educational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice. Always consult with qualified healthcare providers before making any decisions about peptides or other substances. The protocols listed reflect doses observed in research studies, not recommendations.