Crystagen

Chonluten is a synthetic tripeptide (Glu-Asp-Gly, EDG) from the Khavinson bioregulator family, pitched as the lung and bronchial peptide, derived conceptually from the same program that produced Epitalon and Cortagen. It is researched for respiratory tissue and age-related lung decline, and it has no FDA or EMA approval. The evidence is essentially all preclinical or uncontrolled Russian clinical observation, with no randomized human trials.

Thymalin is not a single peptide but a polypeptide complex extracted from calf thymus, developed in the Soviet and Russian peptide-bioregulator tradition associated with Vladimir Khavinson. It is used in Russia and several post-Soviet countries to correct immune deficiency and is promoted as a geroprotector, with claimed effects on T and B lymphocytes, infection rates and aging. Outside that region it has no FDA or EMA approval, and the strongest human data come from a small number of studies, several from the originating research groups.

Vilon is a synthetic dipeptide, Lys-Glu (lysine-glutamic acid), one of the short peptide bioregulators developed by Vladimir Khavinson's group at the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology in Russia. It is marketed in the anti-aging and immune-support space as a thymus-related bioregulator, but the real evidence base is almost entirely Russian animal studies. There are no registered Western randomized human clinical trials, so any human claims should be read with heavy skepticism.

Livagen is a synthetic tetrapeptide (Lys-Glu-Asp-Ala, or KEDA) from the family of short "peptide bioregulators" developed by Vladimir Khavinson's group in St. Petersburg, marketed in connection with liver and immune function. The proposed appeal is epigenetic: it has been reported to loosen tightly packed chromatin in aged cells, supposedly switching age-silenced genes back on. Evidence is limited to small laboratory and cell studies, mostly from one research group, with no clinical trials, so claims should be read with heavy skepticism.

Ovagen is a synthetic ultra-short peptide, marketed as the tripeptide Glu-Asp-Leu (EDL), and grouped with the Khavinson-style "peptide bioregulators" promoted for liver and gastrointestinal support. Like its cousins in that family, it is claimed to act at the gene-expression level in a tissue-specific way. The honest picture: there is very little verifiable scientific data on Ovagen specifically, no clinical trials, and most of what is written about it comes from vendors rather than peer-reviewed research.

Cortagen is a synthetic tetrapeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Pro, AEDP) from Vladimir Khavinson's Russian peptide bioregulator program, designed as the defined-sequence stand-in for Cortexin, an older cattle brain cortex extract used in Russian neurology. It is studied mostly for nerve repair, brain function and aging, and it is not approved by the FDA or EMA. Real evidence is limited to animal experiments and Russian-institute work, with no Western randomized human trials.