# Peptibase - The Peptide Research Database

> Peptibase is the comprehensive, research-backed peptide database. We provide evidence-based information on 98+ peptides including mechanisms of action, dosing protocols, side effects, and clinical trial status.

## About This Site

Peptibase helps researchers, healthcare providers, and biohackers make informed decisions about peptides. All information is sourced from peer-reviewed studies and clinical trials.

**Important**: This is educational content only, not medical advice. Always consult healthcare providers.

## Main Sections

- [Peptide Database](/peptides): Browse all 98+ peptides with detailed research profiles
- [Compare Peptides](/compare): Side-by-side comparison of mechanisms, dosing, and effects
- [Stack Builder](/tools/stack-builder): Create peptide combinations with interaction warnings
- [Reconstitution Calculator](/tools/reconstitution-calculator): Calculate peptide dilution and dosing (supports mg and IU)
- [Peptide Quiz](/tools/peptide-quiz): Find peptides matching your research goals
- [Blog](/blog): Research guides and peptide science explained
- [FAQ](/faq): Common questions about peptides answered

## Programmatic Pages (For Each Peptide)

For every peptide in our database, we provide:

- **How to Use Guide**: `/peptides/{slug}/how-to-use` - Step-by-step usage instructions, dosing protocols, timing recommendations, and administration guidelines
- **Alternatives Page**: `/peptides/{slug}/alternatives` - Similar peptides, category comparisons, and substitution options
- **Detailed Profile**: `/peptides/{slug}` - Full research profile with mechanism, studies, and dosing

### Example URLs:
- [How to Use BPC-157](/peptides/bpc-157/how-to-use)
- [BPC-157 Alternatives](/peptides/bpc-157/alternatives)
- [How to Use Semaglutide](/peptides/semaglutide/how-to-use)
- [Semaglutide Alternatives](/peptides/semaglutide/alternatives)
- [How to Use Tirzepatide](/peptides/tirzepatide/how-to-use)
- [Tirzepatide Alternatives](/peptides/tirzepatide/alternatives)

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## Peptide Categories

### Weight Loss Peptides
**Summary**: GLP-1 receptor agonists and metabolic peptides for weight management.
**Key Peptides**: Semaglutide (Wegovy/Ozempic), Tirzepatide (Mounjaro/Zepbound), Retatrutide
**FDA Status**: Semaglutide and Tirzepatide are FDA approved
**Mechanism**: Mimic incretin hormones, reduce appetite, slow gastric emptying
**Typical Results**: 15-25% body weight loss in clinical trials
[Browse Weight Loss Peptides](/peptides/category/weight-loss)
[Best Peptides for Weight Loss](/best-peptides-for/weight-loss)

### Healing & Recovery Peptides
**Summary**: Peptides researched for tissue repair, injury recovery, and wound healing.
**Key Peptides**: BPC-157, TB-500, GHK-Cu
**FDA Status**: Not FDA approved (research stage)
**Mechanism**: Promote angiogenesis, collagen synthesis, cell migration
**Research Status**: Extensive preclinical data, limited human trials
[Browse Healing Peptides](/peptides/category/healing)
[Best Peptides for Healing](/best-peptides-for/healing)

### Growth Hormone Secretagogues
**Summary**: Peptides that stimulate natural growth hormone release.
**Key Peptides**: Ipamorelin, CJC-1295, GHRP-2, GHRP-6, MK-677
**FDA Status**: Not FDA approved for general use
**Mechanism**: Stimulate pituitary GH release via ghrelin or GHRH pathways
**Applications**: Body composition, recovery, sleep quality
[Browse GH Peptides](/peptides/category/growth-hormone)
[Best Peptides for Muscle Growth](/best-peptides-for/muscle-growth)

### Cognitive & Nootropic Peptides
**Summary**: Peptides researched for cognitive enhancement and neuroprotection.
**Key Peptides**: Semax, Selank, Dihexa, NA-Semax
**FDA Status**: Semax/Selank approved in Russia
**Mechanism**: Increase BDNF, modulate neurotransmitters, enhance neuroplasticity
**Research Status**: Clinical use in Russia, limited Western trials
[Browse Cognitive Peptides](/peptides/category/cognitive)
[Best Peptides for Cognitive Enhancement](/best-peptides-for/cognitive-enhancement)

### Anti-Aging & Longevity Peptides
**Summary**: Peptides researched for cellular health and healthy aging.
**Key Peptides**: Epithalon, GHK-Cu, Thymalin, Bioregulators
**Mechanism**: Telomerase activation, gene expression modulation
**Research Status**: Primarily preclinical and Russian clinical research
[Browse Anti-Aging Peptides](/peptides/category/anti-aging)
[Best Peptides for Anti-Aging](/best-peptides-for/anti-aging)

### Immune Peptides
**Summary**: Peptides that modulate immune function.
**Key Peptides**: Thymosin Alpha-1, LL-37, KPV
**FDA Status**: Thymosin Alpha-1 approved in 30+ countries
**Mechanism**: Immune modulation, antimicrobial activity
[Browse Immune Peptides](/peptides/category/immune)

### Sexual Health Peptides
**Summary**: Peptides for sexual function and libido.
**Key Peptides**: PT-141 (Bremelanotide), Melanotan II
**FDA Status**: PT-141 FDA approved as Vyleesi
**Mechanism**: Melanocortin receptor activation in CNS
[Browse Sexual Health Peptides](/peptides/category/sexual-health)

### Skin & Hair Peptides
**Summary**: Peptides for cosmetic and dermatological applications.
**Key Peptides**: GHK-Cu, Collagen peptides, Growth factors
**Applications**: Wound healing, anti-aging skincare, hair growth
[Browse Skin & Hair Peptides](/peptides/category/skin-hair)

### Bioregulator Peptides
**Summary**: Ultra-short peptides targeting specific organs (Khavinson peptides).
**Key Peptides**: Epithalon, Thymalin, Vilon, Pinealon
**Origin**: Developed at St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation
**Mechanism**: Gene expression modulation in specific tissues
[Browse Bioregulators](/peptides/category/bioregulators)

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## Key Facts & Statistics

- **98+ peptides** in database with detailed profiles
- **12 FDA-approved** peptides tracked (Semaglutide, Tirzepatide, PT-141, etc.)
- **500+ citations** from peer-reviewed research
- **All doses standardized** to mcg for consistency
- **Updated regularly** with new research findings

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## Popular Peptide Comparisons

### Weight Loss Comparisons
- **Semaglutide vs Tirzepatide**: Semaglutide (GLP-1, 15-17% weight loss) vs Tirzepatide (dual GIP/GLP-1, 20-25% weight loss). [Compare](/compare/semaglutide-vs-tirzepatide)
- **Tirzepatide vs Retatrutide**: Tirzepatide (dual agonist) vs Retatrutide (triple agonist with glucagon). [Compare](/compare/tirzepatide-vs-retatrutide)
- **Semaglutide vs Liraglutide**: Weekly vs daily GLP-1 dosing options. [Compare](/compare/semaglutide-vs-liraglutide)
- **Semaglutide vs Survodutide**: GLP-1 only vs GLP-1/glucagon dual agonist. [Compare](/compare/semaglutide-vs-survodutide)

### Healing Peptide Comparisons
- **BPC-157 vs TB-500**: BPC-157 (nitric oxide, GI/tendon healing) vs TB-500 (actin binding, cell migration). [Compare](/compare/bpc-157-vs-tb-500)
- **BPC-157 vs GHK-Cu**: Internal healing vs skin/cosmetic focus. [Compare](/compare/bpc-157-vs-ghk-cu)
- **TB-500 vs Thymosin Beta-4**: Same peptide, different names - TB-500 is Thymosin Beta-4. [Compare](/compare/tb-500-vs-thymosin-beta-4)

### Growth Hormone Secretagogue Comparisons
- **Ipamorelin vs CJC-1295**: GHRP (pulse) vs GHRH analog (sustained). Often combined. [Compare](/compare/ipamorelin-vs-cjc-1295)
- **MK-677 vs Ipamorelin**: Oral vs injectable GH secretagogue. [Compare](/compare/mk-677-vs-ipamorelin)
- **GHRP-2 vs GHRP-6**: GHRP-2 (more potent, less hunger) vs GHRP-6 (strong hunger increase). [Compare](/compare/ghrp-2-vs-ghrp-6)
- **Sermorelin vs Tesamorelin**: Both GHRH analogs, Tesamorelin FDA-approved for HIV lipodystrophy. [Compare](/compare/sermorelin-vs-tesamorelin)

### Cognitive Peptide Comparisons
- **Semax vs Selank**: Semax (cognition/BDNF) vs Selank (anxiolytic). Both Russian-approved. [Compare](/compare/semax-vs-selank)
- **Semax vs Dihexa**: BDNF-focused vs HGF/c-Met pathway. [Compare](/compare/semax-vs-dihexa)

### Anti-Aging Comparisons
- **Epithalon vs Thymalin**: Telomerase activation vs immune restoration. [Compare](/compare/epithalon-vs-thymalin)
- **MOTS-c vs Humanin**: Both mitochondria-derived peptides with metabolic effects. [Compare](/compare/mots-c-vs-humanin)

### Sexual Health Comparisons
- **PT-141 vs Melanotan II**: PT-141 (FDA-approved, desire-focused) vs MT-II (tanning + libido, not approved). [Compare](/compare/pt-141-vs-melanotan-ii)

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## Common Questions & Answers

### What are peptides?
Peptides are short chains of amino acids (typically 2-50) that act as signaling molecules in the body. They differ from proteins by their shorter length. Peptides can bind to receptors and trigger specific biological responses.

### Are peptides safe?
Safety varies significantly by peptide. FDA-approved peptides (like Semaglutide, Tirzepatide, PT-141) have extensive clinical trial data. Research peptides have varying levels of evidence. Always consult healthcare providers.

### How are peptides administered?
Most peptides are administered via subcutaneous injection due to poor oral bioavailability. Some (like Semaglutide as Rybelsus, Semax/Selank) have nasal or oral formulations.

### What's the difference between research peptides and pharmaceutical peptides?
Pharmaceutical peptides are FDA-approved medications with extensive clinical trials. Research peptides are compounds sold for research purposes that lack FDA approval for human use.

### Do peptides require a prescription?
FDA-approved peptides (Semaglutide, Tirzepatide, PT-141) require prescriptions. Research peptides are sold for "research purposes only" but exist in a legal gray area.

### Can peptides be combined?
Some peptides are commonly combined (e.g., BPC-157 + TB-500, Ipamorelin + CJC-1295). However, combinations should only be done under medical supervision due to potential interactions.

### What's the best peptide for weight loss?
For FDA-approved options: Tirzepatide (Mounjaro/Zepbound) shows the highest efficacy at 20-25% weight loss, followed by Semaglutide (Wegovy/Ozempic) at 15-17%. Retatrutide is in Phase 3 trials showing even higher efficacy. Non-approved options like AOD-9604 have less evidence.

### What's the best peptide for healing injuries?
BPC-157 and TB-500 are the most researched healing peptides. BPC-157 is particularly studied for tendon, ligament, and gut healing. TB-500 shows promise for muscle and wound healing. GHK-Cu is popular for skin healing and cosmetic applications. None are FDA-approved for these uses.

### What's the best peptide for muscle growth?
Growth hormone secretagogues like Ipamorelin + CJC-1295 are commonly used to support muscle growth via GH release. MK-677 offers oral convenience but has stronger appetite effects. Follistatin (myostatin inhibitor) is experimental. FDA-approved Tesamorelin is only indicated for HIV lipodystrophy.

### What's the best peptide for anti-aging?
Epithalon is studied for telomerase activation. GHK-Cu has extensive research on gene expression and wound healing. MOTS-c and Humanin are mitochondria-derived peptides with metabolic benefits. Khavinson bioregulators target specific tissues. None are FDA-approved for anti-aging.

### What's the best peptide for sleep?
DSIP (Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide) directly targets sleep patterns. Growth hormone secretagogues taken at night (Ipamorelin, GHRP-6) can improve sleep quality as a secondary effect. Pinealon targets the pineal gland for circadian regulation.

### What's the best peptide for cognitive enhancement?
Semax and Selank are approved in Russia for cognitive uses. Semax increases BDNF and has neuroprotective properties. Dihexa shows potent effects in preclinical research. Cerebrolysin is approved in 40+ countries for brain injury/dementia. None are FDA-approved in the US.

### How do I reconstitute peptides?
Peptides are typically reconstituted with bacteriostatic water. Use our [Reconstitution Calculator](/tools/reconstitution-calculator) to determine the correct amount of water for your desired concentration. Standard approach: add water slowly against the vial wall, don't shake.

### How long do peptides take to work?
Timeline varies by peptide and goal:
- Weight loss peptides: 4-8 weeks for noticeable results
- Healing peptides: 2-4 weeks for some users
- GH secretagogues: 4-12 weeks for body composition changes
- Cognitive peptides: Some users report effects within days

### What are the most researched peptides?
The most researched include:
1. Semaglutide - Thousands of clinical trial participants
2. Tirzepatide - Extensive SURPASS and SURMOUNT trials
3. BPC-157 - Hundreds of preclinical studies
4. Thymosin Alpha-1 - Approved in 30+ countries

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## Featured Peptides

### Semaglutide (Wegovy/Ozempic)
- **Category**: Weight Loss
- **Status**: FDA Approved
- **Mechanism**: GLP-1 receptor agonist
- **Dosing**: 0.25-2.4mg weekly (titrated)
- **Key Findings**: 14.9% average weight loss in STEP-1 trial
- **Side Effects**: GI symptoms (nausea, vomiting), thyroid warning
[Full Profile](/peptides/semaglutide)

### Tirzepatide (Mounjaro/Zepbound)
- **Category**: Weight Loss
- **Status**: FDA Approved
- **Mechanism**: Dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist
- **Dosing**: 2.5-15mg weekly (titrated)
- **Key Findings**: Up to 22.5% weight loss in SURMOUNT trials
- **Side Effects**: Similar to semaglutide, GI symptoms
[Full Profile](/peptides/tirzepatide)

### BPC-157
- **Category**: Healing
- **Status**: Research/Preclinical
- **Mechanism**: Nitric oxide modulation, angiogenesis
- **Dosing**: 250-500mcg 1-2x daily (research)
- **Key Findings**: Accelerated healing in animal models
- **Side Effects**: Generally well-tolerated, injection site reactions
[Full Profile](/peptides/bpc-157)

### TB-500
- **Category**: Healing
- **Status**: Research/Clinical Trials
- **Mechanism**: Actin binding, cell migration
- **Dosing**: 2-2.5mg twice weekly (loading)
- **Key Findings**: Wound healing acceleration in studies
- **Side Effects**: Generally well-tolerated
[Full Profile](/peptides/tb-500)

### Ipamorelin
- **Category**: Growth Hormone Secretagogue
- **Status**: Research/Investigational
- **Mechanism**: Selective GHSR agonist
- **Dosing**: 100-300mcg 2-3x daily
- **Key Findings**: GH release without cortisol/prolactin spikes
- **Side Effects**: Generally well-tolerated
[Full Profile](/peptides/ipamorelin)

### CJC-1295
- **Category**: Growth Hormone Secretagogue
- **Status**: Research
- **Mechanism**: GHRH analog
- **Dosing**: 100-300mcg daily or 2mg weekly (DAC version)
- **Key Findings**: Sustained GH elevation
- **Side Effects**: Water retention, tingling
[Full Profile](/peptides/cjc-1295)

### Semax
- **Category**: Cognitive/Nootropic
- **Status**: Approved in Russia
- **Mechanism**: BDNF increase, neurotransmitter modulation
- **Dosing**: 200-600mcg intranasal
- **Key Findings**: Cognitive enhancement, stroke recovery
- **Side Effects**: Well-tolerated, rare headache
[Full Profile](/peptides/semax)

### Epithalon
- **Category**: Anti-Aging/Longevity
- **Status**: Research
- **Mechanism**: Telomerase activation
- **Dosing**: 5-10mg daily for 10-20 days
- **Key Findings**: Telomere lengthening in studies
- **Side Effects**: Limited data, generally well-tolerated
[Full Profile](/peptides/epithalon)

### PT-141 (Bremelanotide)
- **Category**: Sexual Health
- **Status**: FDA Approved (Vyleesi)
- **Mechanism**: Melanocortin receptor agonist
- **Dosing**: 1.75mg subcutaneous as needed
- **Key Findings**: Improved sexual desire in HSDD
- **Side Effects**: Nausea, flushing, headache
[Full Profile](/peptides/pt-141)

### Thymosin Alpha-1
- **Category**: Immune
- **Status**: Approved in 30+ countries
- **Mechanism**: Immune modulation
- **Dosing**: 1.6mg 2x weekly
- **Key Findings**: Immune support in hepatitis, cancer adjunct
- **Side Effects**: Well-tolerated
[Full Profile](/peptides/thymosin-alpha-1)

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## Dosing Information Disclaimer

All dosing information is provided for educational purposes based on:
1. FDA-approved labeling (where applicable)
2. Published clinical trial protocols
3. Preclinical research studies
4. Community-reported protocols

This information does NOT constitute medical advice. Dosing should always be determined by qualified healthcare providers.

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## Contact & Citations

- **Website**: https://peptibase.dev
- **Contact**: [Contact Page](/contact)
- **For questions or corrections**: support@peptibase.dev

When citing Peptibase, please reference the specific peptide page URL and note that information is compiled from peer-reviewed sources listed on each peptide's reference section.

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## Legal Disclaimer

Peptibase provides educational information only. The information on this site:
- Is not medical advice
- Is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease
- Should not replace professional medical consultation
- Is compiled from research literature and may not reflect all current findings

Many peptides discussed are not FDA approved for human use. Research peptides are sold for research purposes only. Always consult qualified healthcare providers before making any health decisions.

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Last Updated: January 2026